Table of Contents

Gudanar da tsarin HVAC na yanke wutar lantarki yana da mahimmanci na kiyayewa, gyara, da shigarwa mai aminci da inganci. Waɗannan na'urori suna aiki a matsayin babban wurin keɓewa, yana ba masu fasaha damar tabbatar da cewa an cire wutar daga na'urar kafin kowane aiki ya fara. Fahimtar nau'ikan, wurare, da kuma hanyoyin da suka dace don waɗannan yanke haɗin ba kawai kyakkyawan aiki bane.

Mene ne Rashin Rashin Wutar Lantarki na HVAC?

Kayan wutar lantarki na HVAC shine mai sauya wuta ko mai yanke kewayawa wanda ke keɓe wutar lantarki, iska, da kuma iska daga asalin tushen wutar lantarki. An located a cikin hangen nesa na kayan aikiyawanci akan bango na waje kusa da na'urar fitarwa ko a cikin dakin inji don na'urorin cikin gidasashen haɗin yana ba da hanyar da za a iya samun damar kashe dukkan wutar lantarki don sabis ko gaggawa. Dokar lantarki ta kasa (NEC) ta ba da umarni cewa dole ne a kashe haɗin ya kasance a cikin hangen nesa na kayan aikin da yake bautawa, yawanci an bayyana shi a matsayin mai gani kuma ba fiye da ƙafa 50 ba.

Nau'in Rashin Haɗin HVAC na kowa

Masu fasaha za su fuskanci wasu nau'o'in cirewar lantarki daban-daban.

  • Disaconnect na Pull-Out wanda ba a haɗa shi ba: Wannan shine mafi yawan nau'in tsarin zama da kasuwanci mai sauƙi. Ya ƙunshi rufi na ƙarfe tare da rike wanda ke janye wani toshe mai cirewa. Lokacin da aka cire toshe, kewayon ya lalace a zahiri.
  • Fused Pull-Out Disconnect: Kama da sigar da ba a haɗa ta ba amma ya haɗa da fuskokin cartridge a cikin toshe-fita. Waɗannan fuskokin suna ba da kariya ta wuce gona da iri ga na'urar. Yana da mahimmanci a maye gurbin fuska tare da ainihin ƙimar ampere da aka ƙayyade akan sunan sunan na'urar.
  • Circuit Breaker Disconnect: Don manyan kayan aikin kasuwanci, cire haɗin na iya zama murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin murfin mur
  • Nonmetallic Disconnect: (FLT: 1) Sau da yawa ana samun su a kan sabbin famfunan zafi na gida, waɗannan katako ne na filastik waɗanda aka tsara don amfani da waje. Suna da sauƙi, masu jure yanayi, kuma yawanci ba su haɗu.

Me Ya Sa Ba Za A Yi Tattaunawa Ba Game da Yadda Za a Yi Amfani da Rashin Haɗin Kai

Sakamakon rashin amfani da kayan haɗin lantarki na HVAC ya kasance daga ƙananan rashin jin daɗi zuwa lalacewa mai haɗari. hatsarin lantarki ya kasance ɗayan manyan dalilan mutuwar a wurin aiki a masana'antar HVAC. Yin aiki da kyau yana tabbatar da mahimman sakamako guda uku: lafiyar ma'aikata, kare kayan aiki, da bin ƙa'idodin lantarki.

Tsaron Ma'aikata

Kayan HVAC suna aiki a babban ƙarfin lantarkisau da yawa 208-240 volts don mazauna da 460 volts ko mafi girma don tsarin kasuwanci. Rashin lokaci a cikin tsari na iya haifar da mummunan girgiza lantarki, ƙonawa, ko walƙiya. Rashin haɗin yana samar da bayyane, mai tabbatar da rata ta iska a cikin kewayawa. Lokacin da aka sarrafa shi daidai, yana kawar da yiwuwar sake ciyarwa ko sake sake kunnawa ta hanyar haɗari ta wani mutum. Tsarin Lockout / tagout (LOTO) ya kamata koyaushe ya bi aikin cire haɗin kai a cikin yanayin kasuwanci da masana'antu.

Kariya ga Kayan Aiki

Rashin cire wutar lantarki daidai kafin sabis na iya lalata sassan lantarki masu mahimmanci, gami da allon sarrafawa, masu sauyawa na mita, da kuma matakan kariya na kwampreso. Ko da kashe cirewa da kuma kunnawa cikin sauriaikin da aka sani da 'gajeren sake zagayowar'na iya haifar da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki wanda ke lalata kewayon.

Biyan Dokokin

Dokar lantarki ta kasa (NEC) (FLT: 1) tana da takamaiman buƙatu don katsewar HVAC, gami da wurin su, nau'in su, da ƙimar su. Mataki na 440 ya shafi kayan aikin iska da na sanyaya, yana buƙatar cewa a ƙididdige katsewar don ƙofar-rotor na kwampreso. Rashin bin waɗannan lambobin na iya haifar da gazawar dubawa, batun alhakin, da ƙin yarda da buƙatar inshora bayan wani abin da ya faru.

Tsarin Mataki-mataki don sarrafawar Kayan Wutar Lantarki na HVAC

Bayan bin tsari mai kyau, na aiki don cire haɗin yana rage haɗarin kuskure.

Kafin Ka Shafi Rashin Sadarwa

  • Yi Binciken Bincike: FLT:1 Duba rufin cire haɗin don bayyananniyar lalacewa, lalata, lalata, ko sassa masu sassa. Tabbatar da murfin bai lalace ba kuma hannunka yana motsawa cikin 'yanci.
  • Don Kayan Kariya na Mutum (PPE): Aƙalla, saka tufafi masu ƙirar ƙira na Category 1, safar hannu masu rufi da aka ƙayyade don ƙarfin ƙarfin tsarin, da tabarau na aminci tare da garkuwar gefe. Don tsarin kasuwanci mai ƙarfi, ana iya buƙatar PPE na Category 2 ko mafi girma.
  • A cikin wani ginin kasuwanci ko na haya da yawa, sanar da sauran ma'aikata cewa kuna kulle kayan aiki. Sanya alamar gargadi akan katsewa idan babu kulle.

Kashe Yanayin Ragewa

  1. Tsaya zuwa gefe: Sanya kanka a gefen hagu ko dama na hannayen cire haɗin, ba kai tsaye a gaba ba. Wannan yana rage haɗuwa idan murfin ya buɗe saboda lalacewa ta ciki.
  2. Yi amfani da motsi ɗaya mai ƙarfi: Yi amfani da rike ko ja toshe tare da motsi mai ƙarfi. jinkiri ko motsawa na iya haifar da baka.
  3. Gane Yanayin Kashewa: Don cire haɗin, dole ne a cire toshewar gaba ɗaya. Don sauyawar kewayawa, dole ne hannunsa ya kasance cikin 'Kashe' ko 'Trip' matsayi.
  4. Aika da kulle na sirri zuwa hannayen da aka cire idan akwai hasp. Don cire-fita, ana iya sanya kulle ta hanyar ramin hannayen. Wannan babban buƙata ne na hanyoyin kulle / alamar OSHA.

An Kashe Ikon Bincike

Kada ka amince da katsewar da ke kanta. Ka tabbata cewa an kashe tsarin kafin ka taɓa wani sashi mai rai.

  • Yi amfani da Multimeter mai kyau:Saita mita zuwa ƙarfin lantarki na AC a mafi girman zangon (akalla 600V) kuma gwada a kan sanannen tushen mai rai don tabbatar da cewa mai auna yana aiki.
  • Fita da panel na samun damar kuma gwada a fadin tashoshin layi na mai lamba. Gwajin mataki zuwa mataki don tsarin matakai uku, da kuma mataki zuwa ƙasa don duk tsarin.
  • Gwada Fitar Fitar: Tare da katsewar, gwada tashoshin gefen kaya don ƙarfin lantarki. Ya kamata a sami karatun sifili.
  • Capacitors: Yi amfani da juriya na watsi ko mita tare da aikin gwajin ƙarfin don zubar da makamashi da aka adana daga gudu da farawa capacitors.
  • Sake gwada Meter: Bayan tabbatar da ƙarfin lantarki mara ƙarfi, sake gwadawa akan sanannen tushen mai rai don tabbatar da cewa mita bai gaza ba yayin gwajin da ya mutu.

Maido da Ikon

  1. Safeguard All Tools and Panels: Tabbatar da cewa babu kayan aiki, wayoyi, ko sassa masu sassaucin ra'ayi a cikin na'urar.
  2. Cire Kulle / Na'urorin Tagout: Mutumin da ya shigar da kulle ne kawai zai iya cire shi. Tabbatar da cewa duk ma'aikatan sun kasance a cikin kayan aiki.
  3. Sake kunna Rage: Yi amfani da Ragewa zuwa matsayin 'On'. Don cirewar cirewa, sake saka toshewa gaba ɗaya.
  4. Gano Sauti na Musamman, duba don daidaitaccen gudana, da kuma tabbatar da aikin tsarin daidai kafin barin shafin.

Nasihu da Kuma Ayyuka Mafi Kyawu don Yin Amfani da Rashin Haɗi

Bayan matakan da ake ɗauka, akwai wasu ayyuka da masu sana'a da suka ƙware suke amfani da su don su kāre kansu.

Labarai da Bayyanawa

Duk hanyoyin cire haɗin ya kamata a sanya alama a fili tare da kayan aikin da suke amfani da su. Wannan yana da mahimmanci a cikin gine-ginen kasuwanci masu yawa. Yi amfani da alamomi na dindindin ko zane. Sake sanya alama ya ɓace ko kuma ya ɓace a nan da nan. NEC yana buƙatar cewa hanyoyin cire haɗin su kasance "suna da alama" ta hanyar da za a iya gani "har abada da a fili".

Bincike da Kulawa a Kai a Kai

Idan ka cire haɗin kai, kana bukatar ka riƙa bincika shi a kai a kai.

  • A cikin yanayin bakin teku ko danshi, lambobin sadarwa a cikin katsewa na iya lalata. lalata yana haɓaka juriya kuma yana haifar da zafi, yana haifar da kuskuren baka.
  • Samar da haɗin: Waya da ƙarewa na waya na iya rawar jiki a tsawon lokaci. Tsananta duk haɗin zuwa ƙayyadaddun karfin juyawa na masana'anta.
  • Fuses da suka gaza: A cikin ɓarkewar haɗin, bincika don ɓarkewar fuska tare da ohmmeter kafin ɗauka matsalar tsarin mafi girma.
  • Lalacewar jiki: maye gurbin kowane rufi da ramuka, murfin da ya ɓace, ko ƙuƙwalwar yanayi.

Yin Aiki a Yanayi Mai Ruwa ko Mai Ruwa

A cikin yanayin zafi, ana amfani da kayan aiki na lantarki don yin amfani da su. A cikin yanayin zafi, ana amfani da su don yin amfani da su.

Sanin Lokacin da Za Ka Kira Wani Mai Sana'a

Duk da yake yawancin masu fasaha na HVAC suna jin daɗin katsewar farko, akwai yanayi da ke buƙatar mai aikin lantarki mai lasisi. Idan kun haɗu da katsewa wanda ba a haɗa shi da kyau ba, an ƙayyade shi don ƙarfin lantarki mara kyau, ko yana nuna alamun kuskuren baka na baya, kira ƙwararren mai aikin lantarki. Hakanan, duk wani aiki a gefen layin haɗin haɗin haɗin da sabis na ciyarwa daga kwamitin ya kamata a yi shi ta ƙwararren masanin lantarki.

Matsaloli na yau da kullum da ke tattare da Rashin Haɗin HVAC da kuma magance matsala

Idan aka yi amfani da shi yadda ya kamata, za a iya kashe shi, amma idan aka gane alamun zai taimaka maka ka guji yin kuskure kuma ka riƙa kiran mutane.

Rashin Haɗi Ba Zai Kasance a Matsayin 'A' Ba

Wannan shine matsala ta inji tare da rike ko tsarin cam na ciki. Don cire cirewa, ana iya lalacewar kwantena masu riƙewa. Don masu fasawa, na'urar tafiye-tafiye na iya zama mara kyau. Kada kuyi ƙoƙarin kauce wa mai fasawa ta hanyar matsawa da rike maye gurbin dukkan cirewa.

Babu Wutar Lantarki Bayan An Kashe 'A'

Bincika gefen layi na katsewa tare da multimeter. Idan akwai ƙarfin lantarki a gefen layi amma ba a gefen kaya ba, katsewar kanta ba daidai ba ce. Don cire haɗin haɗuwa, gwada fuska. Don ba a haɗa su ba, ana iya ƙona lambobin sadarwa ko kuma an cire toshewar cirewa.

Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Muryar Mur

Sautin murmushi yana nuna cewa an warware haɗin ko kuma mai haɗawar da ba ta da kyau a cikin cire haɗin. Wannan haɗari ne na wuta. Kashe kayan aiki nan da nan kuma maye gurbin cirewar ko kuma ƙarfafa haɗin. Kada ka yi watsi da wannan alamar.

Ƙarfin wutar lantarki zuwa na'urar HVAC

Wannan zai iya faruwa ne ta hanyar haɗin da ya ɓace a cikin ɓarkewar ko ta hanyar tafiya mai zafi a cikin mai yankewa. Kula da ƙarfin lantarki a tsawon lokaci. Idan matsalar ta ci gaba, maye gurbin ɓarkewar. Haɗin da ya ɓace yana haifar da zafi wanda zai iya lalata rufi kuma ya haifar da kuskuren baka.

Ka'idojin Dokoki da Bin Dokokin

Fahimtar muhimman bukatun da ke tattare da cire haɗin HVAC yana taimaka wa masu fasaha su gano yiwuwar keta doka kuma su yi magana don shigar da kayayyaki masu aminci.

NEC Mataki na 440: Kayan aiki na iska da na sanyaya

Wannan shi ne babban labarin lambar da ke kula da HVAC disconnects.

  • Dole ne kayan haɗin su kasance a gaban kayan aiki kuma su kasance masu sauƙin isa.
  • Dole ne a ƙayyade ƙimar cirewa don aƙalla 115% na jimlar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar
  • Don iska mai sanyaya dakin, dole ne a cire haɗin a gefen samar da reshe na reshe.
  • Dole ne a cire dukkan masu gudanar da ruwa ba tare da ƙasa ba a lokaci guda.

Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyi da Ƙa'idodin Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyi

Yawancin jihohi da gundumomi suna karɓar gyare-gyare ga NEC. Koyaushe bincika tare da Hukumar da ke da Hukuma (AHJ) don dokokin gida. Wasu yankuna suna buƙatar cire haɗin da ke jure yanayi, tsayin tsawo na musamman, ko ƙarin lakabi. Rashin bin gyare-gyaren gida na iya haifar da rashin nasarar dubawa da sake aiki mai tsada.

Matsayin OSHA na kulle-kulle / Tagout

Don aikin kasuwanci da masana'antu, ƙofar OSHA ta zama tilas. Yana buƙatar cewa an sanya na'urorin keɓewa na makamashi, gami da abubuwan haɗin HVAC, a cikin yanayin ƙarancin makamashi kuma a kulle su kafin kowane kulawa ko sabis. Ana amfani da ƙa'idar koda kuwa ƙarancin makamashi shine tushen makamashi kawai.

Ƙarshen

Gudanar da tsarin HVAC na sassauƙa na lantarki shine ƙwarewar tushe wanda ke da tasiri kai tsaye kan aminci, amincin kayan aiki, da amincin ƙwararru. Daga gano nau'in cire haɗin da bin tsari mai tsauri na aiki zuwa tabbatar da sifili na ƙarfin lantarki da kiyaye bin ƙa'idodin NEC da OSHA, kowane mataki yana da mahimmanci. Fasaha waɗanda ke kula da cire haɗin tare da girmamawa da bin hanyoyin da aka kafa suna rage haɗarin rauni, hana lalacewar kayan aiki mai tsada, da tabbatar da cewa tsarin HVAC suna aiki yadda ya kamata don cikakken rayuwar sabis ɗin su. Ko kai ƙwararren masani ne ko mai koyo, sabunta iliminka game da cire haɗin aiki da aminci yana da darajar saka hannun jari wanda ke ba da lada a kowane kiran sabis.